Why Music Causes Memories

Music, at its essence, is what gives us memories. And the longer a song has existed in our lives, the more Memories we have of it.
— Stevie Wonder

This ability of music to bring up clear and emotional memories is a phenomenon well-known to medical doctors and brain researchers. Music can trigger intense recollections from the past. It can trigger our senses, even such senses as taste and smell. It can also provoke strong emotions and memories from early life experiences. But why?

"Music can take you back in time, as well as act like a jolt of electricity that can fire up your brain and get it going," says Andrew Budson, chief of cognitive and behavioral neurology at Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System. "We all have the familiar experience of going back to our hometown, visiting our high school, and feeling the memories come flooding back. Music provides an auditory and emotional setting that allows us to retrieve all those memories."

The Different Types of Memory

  • When we perform music, we use "procedural" memory.  This is a type of long-term "implicit" memory, which is the unconscious ability to remember a habit or routine we can do every day without thinking about it, such as riding a bike or brushing our teeth.

  • Episodic memory is a type of long-term "explicit" memory, which is a conscious recollection and is what your brain uses to remember — for example, items on your shopping list.  

Both implicit and explicit are types of long-term memory — procedural memory is unconscious and effortless.  Episodic memory requires conscious work to remember.

In healthy brains, episodic memory allows you to be transported back in time to a specific event or time when you listen to a piece of music. Episodic memory originates in the brain's hippocampus region, which "is the first to go" when dementia hits.

While the ability to sing or make music is procedural memory, meaning you don't have to deliberately think about what you're doing.  Research has shown that Alzheimer's attacks the hippocampus first, explaining why procedural memory still enables dementia patients to remember lyrics and perform - it's an entirely different memory system.

Patients with Alzheimer's can still experience the music "time travel" episodic memory phenomenon even after the disease has attacked their hippocampus; as long as those episodic memories are more than two years old and have been 'consolidated, they can be accessed even though the hippocampus has been destroyed.

And this is why people with Alzheimer's can recall stuff from their childhood but not remember what they had for lunch or whom they saw yesterday. 

 A well-known recent example has been that of legendary singer Tony Bennett, 96, who, in the throes of Alzheimer's, could still flawlessly perform his classic hits. That is awesome!

We know there is power in music, but today's research shows how powerful it is. We don't just hear a song once, we encode that memory, and deeply encoded music can unlock memories. Just another reason to study and play music!!

The Impact of Music How Music Can Heal Your Heart

Music is therapy. Music moves people.
It connects people in ways that no other medium can.
It pulls heartstrings. It acts as medicine.
— Maklemore

Music has always been a powerful tool for stress reduction, relaxation, sleep, and drug-free pain management. In addition, new research provides continuing evidence for the healing power of music as Heart medicine.  Research suggests that music can heal the Heart.

Music can alter your brain chemistry, and these changes may produce cardiovascular benefits, as evidenced by numerous studies. For example, studies have found that listening to music may:

  • Enable people to exercise longer during cardiac stress testing on a treadmill or stationary bike.

  • Improve blood vessel function by relaxing arteries.

  • Help heart rate and blood pressure levels to return to baseline more quickly after physical exertion.

  • Ease anxiety in heart attack survivors.

  • Help people recovering from heart surgery to feel less pain and anxiety and sleep better.

Music changes our heart rates, breathing, and blood pressure and alters our heart rate variability, which are cardiac and mental health indicators.

Did you know that the human heartbeat provided the standard measure for "musical timing" until the mid-19th century? After that, it was replaced by a mechanical metronome. A metronome is a device that produces an audible click at an interval set by the user. Set to "BPM" or beats per minute, musicians use this device to practice playing music to a regular pulse or rhythm.

Music moves us. It does so because music is part of our deep primal intuition related to our heartbeat.

The very distinctive rhythms in Beethoven's music closely resemble those of heart rhythm disorders. Cardiologists speculated that these rhythms might be transcriptions of Beethoven's possible heart arrhythmia—perhaps a result of the awareness of his heartbeat - enhanced by his deafness.

For cardiac patients, music-based interventions can modulate cerebral blood flow, reduce pre-operative anxiety and post-operative stress, improve surgery outcomes, and lower cortisol levels.  In addition, music interventions significantly affected heart rate and blood pressure in coronary heart disease patients. 

And sound processing begins in the brainstem, which controls the rate of your heartbeat and respiration.  This connection explains why relaxing music may lower heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure — and also seems to ease pain, stress, and anxiety.

Physiological feedback studies and how we respond to music can also help us shape the music to influence listeners' heart rates and breathing, such as increasing or slowing it down.

And, with the widespread adoption of biofeedback devices, tailoring music interventions to individual cognitive or neural-cardiac states is now well within reach, enabling a "musical prescription" for improved mental and physical well-being.

Music should be part of every physician's toolkit, as evidenced by all this research. So maybe next time you visit your doctor, he will ask if you are ready to take music lessons!

This Holiday Season- Give the Gift of Music, By Amber Flynn

Music is sunshine.  
Like sunshine, music is a powerful force 
that can instantly and almost chemically 
change your entire mood!
— Michael Franti

Are you looking for the perfect gift to give this Holiday Season?  

Sometimes it is the presents that don't require wrapping that become the most life-changing and meaningful.

Music Lessons are Enjoyable and Fun!

Music lessons are an enjoyable and constructive way for an individual of any age to spend their time. With its variety of instruments, range of sounds, and compelling elements, it's virtually impossible for someone not to like Music or want to learn how to play. 

Music Builds Character and Originality

As the Holidays approach and our schedules become busy, we start to look for that perfect, as well as a unique and different gift that will be beneficial for years to come.  

Instead of purchasing something that will be put on the shelf and forgotten, please give them the gift of Music!  Something they will enjoy for months, even years to come. This gift is so unique that it can and will benefit someone for years.

The self-confidence and self-mastery skills that come from learning how to sing or play a musical instrument are phenomenal. Daily practice builds self-discipline, internal focus, listening skills, and a lifetime connection to emotional well-being.

Music Lessons Help With So Many Things!

Recently it has been shown that music education has affected high school students' SAT scores! A study of 500 highs school students revealed that those engaged in some music lesson or training scored 57 points higher in verbal comprehension and 41 points higher in math in their exams. Those stats may have you thinking more seriously about giving music lessons.

Research shows that our life experiences provide more happiness than our possessions do. Playing an instrument stimulates the brain, improves coordination, and studies have shown that those engaged in some form of music education are happier in so many different ways.

You Can Play Music All Your Life!
Other studies have shown that adults who took music lessons as a child have been shown to have faster response times and increased emotional awareness throughout their lives.  
Many adult students who are now signing up to take lessons see the value of what Music brings to their lives daily. Many say "they wished they had continued lessons into their teen and adult years." or they "wish they had simply started lessons as a child."

And since you can play Music throughout your lifetime, gifting music lessons is an excellent gift for anyone, at any age. 

Which gift on your list has shown to provide all of that?

The gift of Music can prepare the way for anyone on your gift list to become proficient in a brand new skill for the rest of their life. So, go ahead and cross that gift off your Christmas list and purchase music lessons for that special person in your life!!

Your Brain on Music

“Music boosts dopamine, lowers cortisone And it makes you feel great.
Your brain is better on music.”
— Alex Doman

Music can move us, shake us, change our moods, help bring us up, or gently put us to sleep. We all know music affects us, but what about the more profound significance, the science of it, and the health aspects?

Scientists are researching what happens when we listen to music and how it produces such an enormous effect on our brains.

Daniel Levitin, a prominent psychologist who studies "the neuroscience of music," says. "We're using music to better understand brain function in general."

He wrote the #1 best-selling book, "This Is Your Brain on Music." As a cognitive neuroscientist specializing in music perception and cognition, he has fundamentally helped change the way scientists think about auditory memory. He is also known for helping us understand the role of the cerebellum in music listening.

In his book, he shares observations related to all sorts of music listeners. For instance, today, teenagers listen to more music in one month than their peers living during the 1700s listening to during their entire existence.

The journey, and his journey, to discover what chemical processes occur when we put on music is far from over, but scientists have clues.

How Music Benefits Your Health

Listening to music feels good, and we enjoy it. But how can it translate into physiological benefits?

Patients undergoing surgery were randomly selected in a study to either listen to music or take anti-anxiety drugs before surgery. Scientists tracked patients by measuring their levels of the stress hormone — cortisol.

The results? The patients who had listened to music had less anxiety and lower cortisol levels than those who took drugs. Levitin says, "Music is less expensive, easier on the body, and does not have side effects."

Seventeen participants who had little or no music training also took part in a study where they listened to four symphonies by composer William Boyce of the late Baroque period. The researchers found synchronization in many key brain areas suggesting that the participants perceive the music the same way. And regardless of their differences, they shared a similar neurological experience.

The Next Frontier in the Science of Music

Using music as a way to understand the function of a healthy brain, researchers can now receive insights into health problems associated with neurological or psychological functioning.

Levitin also comments, "Knowing better how the brain is organized, how it functions, and what chemical messengers are working and how they're working -- this will allow us to formulate treatments for people with brain injury, or to combat diseases or disorders or even psychiatric problems.

Music is fundamental to our world, to our health, to our well being. Perhaps even more so than learning any other thing. Music is the wonderful bridge to our brain, our health and our well-being. It is no wonder so many people love to learn how to play music!